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Vascular Surgery

Vascular Surgery (Treatment of Venous Incompetence)

 
  Vascular Surgery
Venous incompetence as manifested by spider veins, varicose veins and venous ulcers is a commonly occurring medical condition. Conventional treatments involve stripping with sapheno-femoral legation and sclerotherapy. The treatment of spider veins percutaneously with lasers has been a common application since many years.  In the last few years that endovenous laser treatment of the Saphena veins has also become very popular, and it is rapidly emerging as the procedure of choice to treat incompetence of the GSV and SSV.
 

Treatment Indications in Vascular Surgery Include :-

Endovenous Treatment of GSV and SSV
Treatment of Reticular Veins and Branch Varicosities
Percutaneous Treatment of Spider Veins and Telangectasia
Healing of Venous Ulcers
 

Why 980 nm laser?

   
 
While a number of lasers have been tried (in many cases successfully) for the Endovenous Laser procedure, the 980 nm laser wavelength represents the laser wavelength which has the highest chance of successful treatment. It has a much higher absorption in water that either the 810 nm wavelength (5 times)  or the 1064 nm wavelength (2 times), thus resulting in a high specificity of action, which leads to a lower overall dose of laser energy energy and lesser heat diffusion, thus reducing the probability of side effects and thermal damage. It also has high absorption in oxyhaemoglobin and hemoglobin, thus leading to an even higher specificity.
   

Surgical Technique

   
 

The endovenous technique involves puncturing the affected vein (usually the GSV), with an 16 or 18 guage needle under ultrasound guidance. A guide wire is introduced through the needle up to the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ). A catheter is introduced over the guide wire till a point just before the SFJ. The guide wire is removed and replaced with a 600 micron laser fiber and the fiber tip is positioned just before the SFJ, just outside the catheter. The fiber and catheter are removed together 2-3 mm at a time, while firing the laser at each stop. The laser causes throbolysis, and a destruction of the endothelium of the vein wall. Finally, the laser fiber and catheter are removed from the original puncture site.

Reticular Veins may be treated by making multiple punctures in the vein using a 21 guage needle, and introducing a 200 micron fiber through the needle into or just adjacent to the vein. The laser is fired, thus causing destruction of the vein.

Spider Veins and Telangectasia may be treated by treating the veins with a high power density spot using a special handpiece, all along the length of the veins  This treatment is done percutaneously.

Accelerated wound healing on venous ulcers may be induced by painting the affected area with a low power density laser spot.
   

Why Endovenous Treatment?

   
 
Endovenous treatment of Varicose Veins presents re canalization rates similar to or superior to conventional stripping combined with sapheno-femoral legation. However it offers several advantages over conventional stripping. These include :-
   
 
Minimally invasive
Outpatient procedure not requiring general anesthesia
Minimally painful
Marked reduction in rehabilitation time
Excellent Cosmetic Result with no scarring
Short procedure time
 

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